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Dietary Quality Changes According to the Preceding Maximum Weight: A Longitudinal Analysis in the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Trial.

CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, & CIBEROBN, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus E, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain. Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. Cardiometabolic Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, Miguel Hernández University, 46020 Alicante, Spain. Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain. Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. Department of Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, IBIMA, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain. Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain. Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. Fundación Semergen, 28009 Madrid, Spain. Cátedra de Investigación en Cronicidad, Miguel Hernández University-Semergen, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain. Department of Health Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain. Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Lipid Clinic Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, IDISNA, 31003 Pamplona, Spain. Centro Salud Raval, 03203 Elche-Alicante, Spain.

Nutrients. 2020;(10)
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Abstract

One-year dietary quality change according to the preceding maximum weight in a lifestyle intervention program (PREDIMED-Plus trial, 55-75-year-old overweight or obese adults; n = 5695) was assessed. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. A total of 3 groups were made according to the difference between baseline measured weight and lifetime maximum reported weight: (a) participants entering the study at their maximum weight, (b) moderate weight loss maintainers (WLM), and (c) large WLM. Data were analyzed by General Linear Model. All participants improved average lifestyle. Participants entering the study at their maximum weight were the most susceptible to improve significantly their dietary quality, assessed by adherence to Mediterranean diet, DII and both healthful and unhealthful provegetarian patterns. People at maximum weight are the most benefitted in the short term by a weight management program. Long term weight loss efforts may also reduce the effect of a weight management program.

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